r
all, if trade can make everyone
worse off, we better have a
government around to stop people
from trading!
在这两个原理中原理5起着重要的角色,注意原理5原句(“贸易能使每个人的状况变得更好”)推出了原理6(“政府是愚蠢的”)。毕竟,如果贸易能是每个人的状况变得更好我们还要政府干什么?而原理5的解释(“贸易能使每个人的状况变得更糟”)推出原理7(“政府也不是那样德愚蠢”)。毕竟,如果贸易能使我们的状况变得更糟,我们还是需要一个政府来阻止某些人交易!
Like the first five principles,
Principles #6 and #7 demonstrate
the fine distinctions inherent
in the economic way of thinking.
People are stupid, but not that
stupid; trade can make everyone
better off, but it can also make
everyone worse off; governments
are stupid, but not that stupid.
Exploring, refining, and
delineating these distinctions
is the subject matter of
upper-level economics classes,
doctoral dissertations in
economics, and the vast majority
of papers in the American
Economic Review and other
scholarly journals. Should the
reader decide to follow this
path, the fundamental principles
described on the first page of
this article will provide
invaluable guidance.
和前五个原理一样,原理6和7显示了经济学思考方式内在的微妙特征。人们是愚蠢的,但并不是那样的愚蠢,贸易能使每个人的状况变得更好,但也能使每个人的状况变得更糟;政府是愚蠢的,但也不是那样德愚蠢。研究,提炼及叙述这些特征就是经济学高等经济学课程,博士论文的主要话题,也是美国经济评论及其他学术性期刊论文的主要话题。文章第一页所描述的基本原理提供了非常重要的指引,读者应遵循这些原理。
|